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The abstract (summary) in a periodical is a source of information about the content of the article and the research findings presented in it.
Functions of the abstract
- enables the reader to determine the main content of the document and decide whether to read the full text;
- provides information about the document and eliminates the need to read the full text if it is of secondary interest;
- is used in information retrieval systems, including automated ones.
The abstract must be
- informative — free from general words;
- original;
- meaningful — reflecting the main content and research results;
- structured — following the logic of the article's results;
- compact — between 120 and 250 words.
Structure of the abstract
- subject and aim of the work;
- method or methodology;
- results of the work;
- area of application of results;
- conclusions.
The sequence of presentation may be changed, beginning with results and conclusions. The subject and aim should only be stated if they are not clear from the article title.
General guidelines
Information in the title should not be repeated in the abstract. Avoid unnecessary introductory phrases (e.g., "the author examines…"). Historical background and well-known facts should not be included in the abstract.
Use syntactic constructions typical of scientific documents, avoid complex grammatical structures, and apply meaningful words from the article text.