THE RIGHT TO LIFE: MODERN MEDICAL AND LEGAL CONTEXT

Authors:

Abstract:

The study characterizes modern medical and legal aspects of the right to life, including: the time limits of the concept of "life" and the woman's right to decide on the termination of pregnancy (the right to abortion) of euthanasia (in particular, children's), the use of embryos for medical purposes; reproductive technologies, cloning, surrogate motherhood. Іn terms of the characteristic of the problem of legal regulation of transplantation in Ukraine, the most important international standards are presented, the legislation of Ukraine is analyzed, ways of overcoming the problems of legal regulation are determined. The model of organization of transplants in Spain has also been analyzed. This model has its name - MODELO ESPAÑOL (Spanish model) and recommended by WHO as exemplary for use in other states.

Keywords:

right to life legal aspects: transplantation use of human embryos euthanasia

References:

1. Akulenko L. Іgnorovanі organi. V chomu problema z transplantatsіyami v Ukrayinі? https://life.pravda.com.ua/ health/2017/02/17/222633/
2. Britans'kim vchenim dozvolili modifіkatsіyu lyuds'kikh embrіonіv, www.bbc.com/ukrainian/ news_in_brief/ 2016/02/160201_hk_uk_gene_editing
3. Dodatkoviy protokol do Konventsіyi pro prava lyudini ta bіomeditsinu shchodo transplantatsіyi organіv і tkanin lyudini, ETS №186 vіd 24 sіchnya 2002 roku (pіdpisaniy Ukrayinoyu 26. 06. 2006 r.), http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_684
4. Dzheyms Ґallakher Uchenі virostili dvotizhneviy embrіon lyudini, www.bbc.com/ukrainian/science/ 2016/05/ 160505_embryo_study_ozh
5. Emets' L. O. Okremі osoblivostі zarubіzhnoyi natsіonal'noyi praktiki krimіnal'no-pravovoyi reglamentatsіyi transplantatsіyi // Naukoviy vіsnik Mіzhnarodnogo gumanіtarnogo unіversitetu. Ser.: Yurisprudentsіya, — 2014, — № 10-1, — Tom 2, — S. 81-85.
6. Evtanaziya // Konstitutsionnoe pravo. Slovar' / Otv. red. Maklakov V. V. —M., 2001. —S. 536.
7. Golovashchuk A. P. Tsivіl'no-pravove regulyuvannya vіdnosin, pov’yazanikh іz zastosuvannyam dopomіzhnikh reproduktivnikh tekhnologіy : avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk : spets. 12.00.03 «Tsivіl'ne pravo і tsivіl'niy protses; sіmeyne pravo; mіzhnarodne privatne pravo» / A. P. Golovashchuk. —K., 2017. —20 s.
8. Konstitutsiya Serbii 2006 goda, http://worldconstitutions.ru/?p=369
9. Konstitutsiya Slovenii 1990 goda, http://worldconstitutions.ru/?p=109
10. Konstitutsіya Ukrayini vіd 28. 06. 1996 r., zі zmіnami // Vіdomostі Verkhovnoyi Radi Ukrayini. — 1996. — № 30. — St. 141.
11. Lіnchevs'kiy O. Shans na zhittya: chi gotova Ukrayina do transplantatsіyi? https://life.pravda.com.ua/ columns/2017 /09/19/226495/
12. Nakaz Mіnіsterstva okhoroni zdorov’ya Ukraїni “Pro vnesennya Zmіn do Dovіdnika kvalіfіkatsіynikh kharakteristik profesіy pratsіvnikіv. Vipusk 78 «Okhorona zdorov'ya» vіd 14. 09. 2017 r. № 1085, http://old.moz.gov.ua/ua/portal/dn_20170914_1085.html
13. Nakaz Mіnіsterstva okhoroni zdorov’ya Ukrayini “Pro vstanovlennya dіagnostichnikh kriterіyiv smertі mozku ta protseduri konstatatsіyi momentu smertі lyudini” vіd 23. 09. 2013 r. № 821, http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1757-13
14. Nakaz Mіnіsterstva okhoroni zdorov’ya Ukrayini “Pro zatverdzhennya Іnstruktsіyi z viznachennya kriterіyiv perinatal'nogo perіodu, zhivonarodzhenostі ta mertvonarodzhenostі, Poryadku reєstratsіyi zhivonarodzhenikh і mertvonarodzhenikh” vіd 29. 03. 2006 r. № 179, http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0427-06
15. Nakaz Mіnіsterstva okhoroni zdorov’ya Ukraїni “Pro zatverdzhennya Poryadku zastosuvannya dopomіzhnikh reproduktivnikh tekhnologіy v Ukrayinі” vіd 09. 09. 2013 r. № 787, zі zmіnami, http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1697-13
16. Pravove regulyuvannya transplantatsіyi organіv ta іnshikh anatomіchnikh materіalіv lyudini, http://pidruchniki.com/15410104/pravo/pravove_regulyuvannya_transplantatsiyi_organiv_inshih_anatomichnih_materialiv_lyudini
17. Ptashnik І.R. Pravove regulyuvannya transplantatsіyi shtuchno stvorenikh organіv / І. R. Ptashnik // Aktual'nі problemi vdoskonalennya chinnogo zakonodavstva Ukrayini. —2013. —Vip. 32. — S. 54—62.
18. Rukovodyashchie printsipy VOZ po transplantatsii chelovecheskikh kletok, tkaney i organov. Utverzhdeny na Shest'desyat tret'yey sessii Vsemirnoy assamblei zdravookhraneniya v mae 2010 g., rezolyutsiya WHA63.22 www.who.int/transplantation/ Guiding_PrinciplesTransplantation_WHA63.22ru.pdf
19. Sіlkіna Yu. V., Chaykovs'kiy Yu. B. Deontologіchnі ta normativno-pravovі aspekti vikoristannya embrіonal'nogo materіalu lyudini // Reproduktivnaya endokrinologiya.— 2012.— № 4.— s. 94—97.
20. Sushchestvuet li v mire detskaya evtanaziya?https://evtanazija.ru/detskaya/
21. Tirіna M.P. Osoblivostі funktsіonuvannya ta problemi realіzatsіyi prav і svobod lyudini і gromadyanina novogo pokolіnnya u suchasnіy derzhavі (na prikladі bіologіchnikh) : avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk : spets. 12.00.02 «Konstitutsіyne pravo; munіtsipal'ne pravo» / M. P. Tirіna. —Marіupol'., 2013. — 20 S.
22. Tsivіl'niy kodeks Ukrayini vіd 16. 01. 2003 r., zі zmіnami // Golos Ukrayini.— 12. 03. 2003.— № 45.
23. V ES zaboronili patentuvati lіkuvannya embrіonal'nimi stovburovimi klіtinami www.bbc.com/ukrainian/ news_in_brief/2011/10/111018_dt_eu_stem_cells
24. Zakon Ukraїni “Pro donorstvo krovі ta yiyi komponentіv” vіd 23. 06. 1995 r., zі zmіnami // Golos Ukrayini.— 25. 07. 1995 r.
25. Zakon Ukraїni “Pro vikonannya rіshen' ta zastosuvannya praktiki Єvropeys'kogo sudu z prav lyudini” vіd 23. 02. 2006 r., zі zmіnami // Golos Ukrayini.— 05. 04. 2006.—№ 60.
26. About Eurotransplant. Fit for the future. https://www.eurotransplant.org/cms/index.php?page=fitfuture
27. Arthur J. Matas The Case for Living Kidney Sales: Rationale, Objections and Concerns // American Journal of Transplantation, 2004, 4, p. 2007-2017 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f54b/67b818e2bba6b3602e16e25a45340e094b10.pdf
28. Case of H. vs Norway http://swarb.co.uk/h-v-norway-echr-1992/
29. Case of Paton vs UK www.globalhealthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/EComHR-1980-Paton-v.-United-Kingdom-X.-v.-United-Kingdom.pdf
30. Case of Pretty v. The United Kingdom http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/980_210
31. Case of Vo v France www.pravo-medicina.sk/___files/Rozne/Vo%20vs.%20France%202004.pdf
32. Cherry M.J, Kidney for Sale by Owner: Human Organs, Transplantation, and the Market Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2005. 274 p.
33. Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31998L0044:en:NOTEl
34. Modelo Español www.ont.es/home/Paginas/ElModeloEspanol.aspx
35. ¿Es trasladable este modelo a cualquier país? www.ont.es/home/Paginas/Estrasladable.aspx
36. Gestación subrogada en Canadá: legislación y precio https://www.babygest.es/canada/
37. Human cloning regulation in Europe http://aclj.org/pro-life/human-cloning-regulation-in-europe
38. Laura Daniele España supera los 5.000 trasplantes en 2017, un hito histórico mundial http://www.ont.es/ prensa/Hemeroteca/ABC%20España%20supera%20los%205000Tx%20%20en%202017%20%20hito%20historico%20mundial.pdf
39. Research of the European Commission. About stem cells – Seven important questions on stem cells. http://ec.europa.eu/research/quality-of-life/stemcells/about.html. Last visited on 21st of April 2013
40. RIVM report 360050011/2008 “Artificial organs State-of-the-art technology for device-based and cell/tissue-based approaches” http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/360050011. Pdf
41. Robert M. Veatch Transplantation Ethics.Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2000. 427 p.
42. % transplantovanikh organіv nadkhodyat' z chornogo rinku — VOOZ https://life.pravda.com.ua/society/2013/07/1/132393/

Publication:

«World of Medicine and Biology» Vol. 14 No. 63 (2018) , с. 216-223
УДК 342.7

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26.724/2079-8334-2018-1-63-216-223