MAIN RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND INDICATORS OF CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN YOUNG WOMEN

Authors:

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases on arterial stiffness and the condition of the carotid arterial wall in young women. Our study included 76 young women (mean age 28.6±4.3 years), of whom 27 had normal blood pressure (group 1), and 49 had high-normal blood pressure (group 2). The analysis of risk factors showed that 46 % were overweight, 32.9 % had abdominal obesity, 48.9 % were cigarette smokers, and 21.1 % had dyslipidemia. It was found that women with high normal blood pressure had a significantly higher pulse wave velocity compared to those with normal blood pressure, with the highest values in overweight and smoking subjects. It has been shown that young women with high normal blood pressure have thickening of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery compared to individuals with normal blood pressure, regardless of smoking status.

Keywords:

cardiovascular disease risk factors carotid intima-media complex pulse wave velocity smoking high-normal blood pressure overweight young women

References:

1. Alexander TJ, Gauen AM, Petito LC, Kohli-Lynch CN, Carton TW, Smith SM. et al. Hypertension in Young Adults: Social Determinants of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control. Am J Hypertens. 2025 Nov 13:hpaf203. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaf203.
2. Antza C, Anyfanti P, Poutachidis A, Poulis D, Belančić A, Kotsis V. Hypertension in young adults with obesity: new mechanisms and therapeutic options. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2026 Jan 23:17203. doi: 10.20452/pamw.17203.
3. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks 2023 Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2023. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025 Dec 2;86(22):2167-2243. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.015.
4. Guo JW, Ning H, Allen NB, Perak AM, Walker JM, Pettee Gabriel K et al. Cardiovascular Health Changes in Young Adults and Risk of Later-Life Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(10):e2535573. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.35573.
5. Loo WTW, Ho WHH, Lim DYZ, Thiagarajan N, Ang WK, Han JYJ. et al. Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Adolescents and Young Adults: Results From a Nationwide Screening Program. J Clin Hypertens. 2025;27: e70075. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70075.
6. Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstrom M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J. Hypertens. 2023, 41, 1874–2071.
7. Meher M, Pradhan S, Pradhan SR. Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension in Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023 Apr 12;15(4):e37467. doi: 10.7759/cureus.37467.
8. Neuhauser HK, Büschges J, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schienkiewitz A, Sarganas G, Königstein K. et al. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Percentiles in Adolescence and Young Adulthood and Their Association With Obesity and Hypertensive Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort. Hypertension. 2022 Jun;79(6):1167-1176. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18521.
9. Niu C, Zhang P, Wei L, Dong J, Xu C, Yang Q. et al. The global burden of hypertension and its epidemiological impacts on adolescents and young adults: projections to 2050. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025 Oct 24;12:1619445. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1619445.
10. Puteikis K, Ažukaitis K, Dadurkevičienė D, Mikučionytė D, Simanauskas K, Šileikienė V. et al. Cognitive Outcomes in Young Adults with Primary Arterial Hypertension: The Role of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(8):1353. doi: 10.3390/medicina60081353.
11. Vithalapara PK, Ramana NP, Chavada NM, Babriya DG. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 2025 Jun;30(6):69-72.
12. Yao Z, Tasdighi E, Dardari ZA, Jha KK, Osuji N, Rajan T. et al Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Harm. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;85(10):1018-1034. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.12.032.

Publication:

«World of Medicine and Biology» Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026) , с. 37-41
УДК 616.1-039.1-005-073-055.2-053.81

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2026-1-95-37-41