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GLOBAL TRENDS AND RISK FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

Published 2026-02-04

Authors:

U.A. Aliyeva
Azerbaijan Medical University image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8856-1823
S.Z. Garayeva
Azerbaijan Medical University image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3325-1047
G.M. Hasanguliyeva
Azerbaijan Medical University image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2513-6248
G.A. Novruzova
Azerbaijan Medical University image/svg+xml
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6289-6797
Abstract:
Low birth weight, defined as a birth weight below 2500 grams, remains a major global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where over 95 % of cases with low birth weight occur. This review synthesizes current global and regional trends, prevalence estimates, and associated risk factors for low birth weight based on data from WHO, UNICEF, and peer-reviewed studies. Key determinants include preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, maternal undernutrition, anemia, socioeconomic status, and limited access to quality antenatal care. Despite advances in healthcare, progress toward reducing low birth weight has been slow and uneven across regions. The review underscores the need for improved data quality, targeted interventions, and comprehensive maternal health strategies to reduce low birth weight-related mortality and long-term complications. Strengthening perinatal care, improving maternal education, and addressing social determinants are essential steps toward achieving global child health targets.
Keywords:
low birth weight neonatal mortality maternal health risk factors socioeconomic determinants
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Publication:
«World of Medicine and Biology» Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026) , с. 225-231
УДК 616-053.31-056.7:614.1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2026-1-95-225-231