ANTI-GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE DISEASE: CURRENT INSIGHTS INTO ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Authors:

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the global catalog of scientific literature indexed in leading scientometric databases, in order to identify the chronological dynamics of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease detection and to analyze data on its etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment strategies. The literature search was conducted using a specialized query that combined terms related to hemorrhagic pulmonary-renal syndrome in the context of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (Goodpasture syndrome). The year of publication, document type, industry affiliation, as well as geographical and institutional distribution were analyzed using a quantitative-structural-analytical method. The results of the analysis demonstrated that original clinical studies and systematic reviews were the most common, and that the overall structure reflects the predominance of empirical research in the study of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, highlighting the high level of clinical relevance, validity, and reliability of the information. The lack of information about this life-threatening pathology, the ambiguity of its epidemiology, the rarity of documented cases of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, insufficient understanding of autoimmune reactions, variability of its clinical manifestations, and the growing interest in this issue due to increasing morbidity, among patients-especially after coronavirus disease-determine the relevance of the study.

Keywords:

anti-glomerular basement membrane disease Goodpasture syndrome hemorrhagic pulmonary-renal syndrome antibodies to glomerular basement membrane antibodies to alveolar basement membrane

References:

1. Ahmad SB, Santoriello D, Canetta P, Bomback AS, D'Agati VD, Markowitz G, et al. Concurrent anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease and membranous nephropathy: a case series. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021 Aug;78(2):219-225.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.023.
2. Ahmed M, Mohamed S, Alhussein H, Eltazi I, Sibira RM, Abdulhadi A. COVID-19 vaccine as a potential triggering factor for anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease: a case report and literature review. Cureus. 2022 Sep 12;14(9):e29075. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29075.
3. Bharati J, Yang Y, Sharma P, Jhaveri KD. Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Kidney Int Rep. 2023 Mar 21;8(6):1151-1161. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.03.010.
4. Chandra GB, Bajpai N, Vishwajeet V, Nalwa A, Yadav T, Chaturvedy M, et al. Goodpasture’s syndrome: A case series of unusual presentations including in a pregnancy. Indian J Med Sci. 2025;77:159-162. doi: 10.25259/IJMS_146_2024.
5. Chauveau B, Gibier JB, Olagne J, Morel A, Aydin S, McAdoo SP, et al. CFPR-French Nephropathology Group. Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis: a case series from the French nephropathology group. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024 Jun;83(6):713-728.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.11.003.
6. Ebraheem K, Hamed H, Jalal M, Alboudy A, Abood B, Albraday N. Alveolar haemorrhage – dominant presentation of anti-GBM disease triggered by hydrocarbon exposure in a patient with a congenital solitary kidney: a case report. The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology. 2026 Feb 3;20(1). doi: 10.1186/s43168-026-00525-3.
7. Eley S, Morales-Alvarez MC, Vanguri VK, Chopra B. An unusual case of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and phospholipase A2 receptor-associated membranous nephropathy after exposure to hydrocarbons. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024 Jan;83(1):112-115. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.07.011.
8. Fernández-Lorente L, Shabaka A, Mora-Gutiérrez JM, Caravaca-Fontán F, Maldonado-Martín M, Cabello V, et al. Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Kidney Int Rep. 2025 Dec 16;11(3):103732. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2025.103732.
9. Floyd L, Bate S, Hadi Kafagi A, Brown N, Scott J, Srikantharajah M, et al. Risk stratification to predict renal survival in anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023;34:505-514. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2022050581.
10. Garg P, Arora U, Kumar A, Wig N. The "post-COVID" syndrome: how deep is the damage? J Med Virol. 2021 Feb;93(2):673-674. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26465.
11. Gitzel L, Glisan S, Wolff B, Vojtek A, Fernandez Felix D. OH MAHA Goodness: a case of anti-GBM disease complicated by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Chest. 2024;166(4):A1923-A1924. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2024.06.1201.
12. Hu X, Shen C, Meng T, Ooi JD, Eggenhuizen PJ, Zhou YO, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of MPO-ANCA and anti-GBM double-seropositive patients. Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 27;13:991469. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991469.
13. Ivkovic V, Kronbichler A, Caza TN. "Atypical" anti-GBM disease: just atypical, or not anti-GBM disease at all? Am J Kidney Dis. 2024;84:127-129. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.02.01.
14. Kaidashev I, Shlykova O, Izmailova O, Torubara O, Yushchenko Y, Tyshkovska T, et al. Host gene variability and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review article. Heliyon. 2021;7(8):e07863. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07863.
15. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 2021 Oct;100(4S):S1-S276. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.021.
16. Kuang H, Liu J, Jia XY, Cui Z, Zhao MH. Autoimmunity in anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: a review of mechanisms and prospects for immunotherapy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023 Jan;81(1):90-99. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.07.006.
17. Li L-L, Niu P-Y, Li N, Zhang X-L, Cao H-X. Concurrent anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and membranous nephropathy: a case report. Front Med. 2025;12:1654203. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1654203.
18. Makienko N, Minukhin V, Kolyada T, Toryanyk I, Sklyar A. The main clinical and immunological aspects of post-COVID syndrome. Annals of Mechnikov’s Institute. 2022. 3:21-27. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7070908.
19. Ponticelli C, Calatroni M, Moroni G. Anti-glomerular basement membrane vasculitis. Autoimmun Rev. 2023 Jan;22(1):103212. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103212.
20. Prema KSJ, Kurien A. Incidence of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Kidney J. 2021 Oct 20;15(1):180-181. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfab204.
21. Proal AD, VanElzakker MB. Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): an overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Front Microbiol. 2021 Jun 23;12:698169. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698169.
22. Reggiani F, L'Imperio V, Calatroni M, Pagni F, Sinico RA. Goodpasture syndrome and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2023 Apr;41(4):964-974. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/tep3k5.
23. Rony RMIK, Shokrani A, Malhi NK, Hussey D, Mooney R, Chen ZB, et al. Therapeutic plasma exchange: current and emerging applications to mitigate cellular signaling in disease. Biomolecules. 2025 Jul 12;15(7):1000. doi: 10.3390/biom15071000.
24. Sánchez-Agesta M, Rabasco C, Soler MJ et al. Anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis: a study in real life. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022;9:889185. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.889185.
25. Sugimoto H, Sawa N, Oba Y, Kurihara S, Sekine A, Inoue N, et al. Rare case of goodpasture's syndrome combined with polyarteritis nodosa. Intern Med. 2025 Aug 1;64(15):2356-2360. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4460-24.
26. Shen CR, Jia XY, Luo W, Olaru F, Cui Z, Zhao MH, et al. Laminin-521 is a novel target of autoantibodies associated with lung hemorrhage in anti-GBM Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Aug;32(8):1887-1897. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020101431.
27. Shin JI, Geetha D, Szpirt WM, Windpessl M, Kronbichler A. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (Goodpasture disease): from pathogenesis to plasma exchange to IdeS. Ther Apher Dial 2022;26:24-31.doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.13718.
28. Talash VV, Katerenchuk IP, Talash RV, Kostrikova YuA, Yarmola TI, Gutsalenko OO, et al. COVID-induced overlap syndrome of microscopic polyangiitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoimmune thyroiditis through the prism of a clinical case. World of Medicine and Biology. 2025;3(93):266-271. doi: 10.26724/2079-8334-2025-3-93-266-271.
29. Tan MSH, Choo JCJ, Tan PH, Kwek JL, Lim CC, Mok IY, et al. Anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis following COVID-19 infection without clinically evident pneumonia. Int Urol Nephrol. 2023 Jul;55(7):1885-1887. doi: 10.1007/s11255-023-03490-8.
30. Uhlin F, Szpirt W, Kronbichler A, Bruchfeld A, Soveri I, Rostaing L, et al. Endopeptidase cleavage of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in vivo in severe kidney disease: an open-label phase 2a study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Apr;33(4):829-838. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2021111460.
31. Winkler A, Zitt E, Sprenger-Mähr H, Soleiman A, Cejna M, Lhotta K. SARS-CoV-2 infection and recurrence of anti-glomerular basement disease: a case report. BMC Nephrol. 2021 Feb 27;22(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12882-021-02275-4.
32. Yang X, Gao M, Miao M, Jiang C, Zhang D, Yin Z, et al. Combining combretastatin A4 phosphate with ginsenoside Rd synergistically inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing HIF-1a via PI3K/AKT/mTORsignalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 4;73(2):263-271. doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa006.
33. Zhu M, Wang J, Le W, Xu F, Jin Y, Jiao C, et al. Relationship between serum complement c3 levels and outcomes among patients with Anti-GBM disease. Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 8;13:929155. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929155.

Publication:

«World of Medicine and Biology» Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026) , с. 262-271
УДК 616.24-005.1+616.611-002-07-08

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2026-1-95-262-271