FREQUENCY OF CLINICAL FORMS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, FIRST IDENTIFIED IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Authors:

Abstract:

According to the World Health Organization about a quarter of the world population (1.7 billion), including about 70 million children and adolescents are infected with tuberculosis mycobacteria. Due to the fact that bacterial secretion among children and adolescents with tuberculosis is lower than that in adults, early detection, treatment and monitoring of dynamics are more difficult. The researches indicate that totally 7,839 primary tuberculosis patients were registered in the country in the last three years (2021–2023). 8.7 % (686 people) of the initially detected patients were children and adolescents. 70.4 % (483 people) and 29.6 % (203 people) of the registered children and adolescents had pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Out of them, 56.3 % (386 people) and 43.7 % (300 people) were men and women, respectively. 76.2 % (368 people) of the children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis had infiltrative tuberculosis, 16.8 % (81 people) had focal tuberculosis, 1.2 % (6 people) had cavernous tuberculosis, 1.0 % (5 people) had fibro-cavernous tuberculosis, 1.9 % (9 people) had disseminated tuberculosis, and 2.9 % (14 people) had primary tuberculosis complex of the respiratory organs. During the research period, 203 people were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. 64 % (130 people) and 36 % of the patients were men and women, respectively. Out of the initially registered patients, 36 % (73 people) had tuberculosis pleurisy, 13.8 % (28 people) had tuberculosis of the central nervous system and meninges, 3.9 % (8 people) had tuberculosis of bones and joints, 3.4 % (7 people) had tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract, and 20.6 % (42 people) had peripheral lymph tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, and 4.9 % (10 people) had tuberculosis of the intestine, peritoneum and mesenteric lymph nodes. The high incidence rate of the severe clinical forms of tuberculosis such as cavernous, fibro-cavernous, central nervous system and meningeal tuberculosis among children and adolescents indicates the existence of deficiencies in early detection, as well as epidemiological tension.

Keywords:

latent tuberculosis children and adolescents primary tuberculosis pulmonary tuberculosis

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Publication:

«World of Medicine and Biology» Vol. 22 No. 96 (2026) , с. 12-16
УДК 616-002.5-053.2/6-036.22

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2026-2-96-12-16