CYTOKINE PROFILE IN CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER OF ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES

Authors:

Abstract:

Second-trimester pregnancy loss and preterm birth remain major obstetric challenges, and cervical insufficiency is an important contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes. A prospective cohort study conducted from 2020 to 2025 included 101 pregnant women with threatened pregnancy in the second trimester and 25 controls; cervical secretions and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Women with cervical insufficiency had significantly higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukins 2, 4, 6, and 10 throughout pregnancy compared with controls. Cytokine concentrations decreased in the second trimester and increased again in the third trimester. Full-term delivery occurred in 78 % of the study group and 92 % of controls, while earlier deliveries were more frequent in the study group, although these outcome differences were not statistically significant. The findings indicate pronounced local immune activation and support the potential value of the cervical cytokine profile for identifying women at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords:

cervical insufficiency pregnancy loss cytokine profile preterm birth local immunity pregnancy outcomes

References:

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Publication:

«World of Medicine and Biology» Vol. 22 No. 97 (2026), pp. 109-114
UDC 618.39

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2026-3-97-109-114