English Українська
  • Main
  • Useful links
  • Information for Contributors
  • About
  • Editorial board

    •
    Article
    World of Medicine and Biology / №3(57), 2016 / DNA-GENEALOGY OF PRESENT-DAY HUMANS
    Pomogajbo V. M., Vlasenko N. A., Berezan A. I., Petrushov A. V., Besedina I. S., Pochinok E. A., Melnichuk M. M., Makarenko J. M.

    DNA-GENEALOGY OF PRESENT-DAY HUMANS

    About the author: Pomogajbo V. M., Vlasenko N. A., Berezan A. I., Petrushov A. V., Besedina I. S., Pochinok E. A., Melnichuk M. M., Makarenko J. M.
    Heading LITERATURE REVIEWS
    Type of article Review article
    Annotation Results of the DNA researches concerning structural peculiarities of people living in different parts of the world have confirmed the hypothesis of the African origin of contemporary humanity that had been based only on the archaeological and paleontological data before. It was shown that the present-day humans had come from the population, numbering 2 000 to 10 000 individuals, that existed on the territory of South-East Africa about 190 thousand years ago. Migration of our remote ancestors from Africa and their succeeding colonization of the planet had been taking place within the period of 100 – 50 thousand years. It was also found out that the Neanderthal man and the man of the present-day anatomical type are related species that had come from the common ancestor. Contemporary humanity is the common biological species consisting of large races that had originated in different continents under the influence of different biological, geographic, weather and climatic factors.
    Tags genome, DNA markers, mt DNA, Y-chromosome, autosome, base substitution, repeats, mutation frequency, population, Neanderthal man, race
    Bibliography
    • Alonso S. A highly variable segment of human subterminal 16p reveals a history of population growth for modern humans outside Africa / S. Alonso, J.A.L. Armour // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA. – 2001. – Vol. 98. – No. 3. – P. 864-869.
    • Ayub Q. Reconstruction of human evolutionary tree using polymorphic autosomal microsatellites / Q. Ayub, A. Mansoor, M. Ismail // Amer. J. Physic. Anthropol. – 2003. – Vol. 122. – No. 3. – P. 259-268.
    • Accetturo M. Human mtDNA site-specific variability values can act as haplogroup markers / M. Accetturo, M. Santamaria, D. Lascaro [et al.] // Human Mutation. – 2006. – Vol. 27. – No. 9. – P. 965-974.
    • Brown R. A. Apportionment of racial diversity / R.A. Brown, G.J. Armelagos // Evol. Anthropol. – 2001. – Vol. 10. – No. 1. – P. 34-40.
    • Britten R. J. Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%, counting indels / Roy J. Britten // PNAS. – 2002. – Vol. 99. – No. 21. – P. 13633-13635.
    • Ballard J. W. The incomplete natural history of mitochondria / J.W. Ballard, M.C. Whitlock // Mol Ecol. – 2004. – Vol. 13. – No. 4. – P. 729-744.
    • Bolnick D. A. The science and business of genetic ancestry testing / D.A. Bolnick, D. Fullwiley, T. Duster [et al.] // Science. – 2007. – Vol 318. – No. 5849. – P. 399-400.
    • Cann R.L. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution / R.L. Cann, M. Stoneking, A.C. Wilson // Nature. – 1987. – Vol. 325. – No. 6099. – P. 31-36.
    • Dib C. A comprehensive genetic map of the human genome based on 5,264 microsatellites / C. Dib, S. Fauré, C. Fizames [et al.] // Nature. – 1996. – Vol. 380. – No. 6570. – P. 152-154.
    • Elgar G. Tuning in to the signals: noncoding sequence conservation in vertebrate genomes / G. Elgar, T. Vavouri // Trends Genet. – 2008. Vol. 24. – No. 7. – P. 344-352.
    • Fischer A. Evidence for a Complex Demographic History of Chimpanzees / A. Fischer, V. Wiebe, S. Pääbo [et al.] // Mol. Biol. Evol. – 2004. – Vol. 21. – No. 5. – P. 799-808.
    • Gonder M. K. Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient african lineages / M.K. Gonder, H.M. Mortensen, F.A. Reed [et al.] // Mol. Biol. Evol. – 2007. – Vol. 24. – No. 3. – P. 757-768.
    • Horai S. Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs / S. Horai, K, Hayasaka, R. Kondo [et al.] // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. – 1995. – Vol. 92. – No. 2 – P. 532-536.
    • Hurles M. E. European Y-chromosomal lineages in Polynesia: a contrast to the population structure revealed by mitochondrial DNA / M.E. Hurles, C. Irven, J. Nicholson // Amer. J. Hum. Genet. – 1998. – Vol. 63. – No. 6. – P. 1793-1806.
    • Henn B.M. The great human expansion / B.M. Henn, L.L. Cavalli-Sforza, M.W. Feldman // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. – 2012. – Vol. 109. – No. 44. – P. 17758-17764.
    • Jorde L.B. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to reconstruct human evolution / L.B. Jorde, M. Bamshad, A.R. Rogers // BioEssays. – 1998. – Vol. 20. – No. 2. – P. 126-136.
    • Jobling M.A. European Y chromosome diversity: population movement, geography and language / M.A. Jobling // XV Congreso de Estudios Vascos: Basque science and culture, and telematic networks. – Donostia: Eusko Ikaskuntza, - 2002. - P. 171-176.
    • Jobling M.A. The human Y chromosome: an evolutionary marker comes of age / M.A. Jobling, Ch. Tyler-Smith // Nature Reviews: Genetics. – 2003. – Vol. 4. – No. 8. – P. 598-612.
    • Jorde L.B. Genetic variation, classification and ‘race’ / L.B. Jorde, S.P. Wooding // Nature Genet. Suppl. – 2004. – Vol. 36. – No. 11. – P. 528-533.
    • Mellars P. Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of Europe / P. Mellars // Nature. – 2004. – Vol. 432. – No. 7016. – P. 461-465.
    • Nei M. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics / M. Nei // – N.Y.: Columbia University Pressю, -1987. – X+512 p.
    • Noonan J. P. Sequencing and analysis of neanderthal genomic DNA / J.P. Noonan, G. Coop, S. Kudaravalli [et al.] // Science. – 2006. – Vol. 314, – No. 5802. – P. 1113-1118.
    • Oppengeymer S. Izgnanie iz Edema / S. Oppengeymer / per. s angl. – M.: Eksmo, -2004. – 640 р.
    • Przeworski M. Adjusting the focus on human variation / M. Przeworski, R.R. Hudson, A. Di Rienzo // Trends Genet. – 2000. – Vol. 16. – No. 7. – P. 296-302.
    • Pääbo S. The mosaic that is our genome / S. Pääbo // Nature. – 2003. – Vol. 421. – No. 6921. – P. 409-412.
    • Rosenberg N. A. Genetic structure of human populations / N. A. Rosenberg, J. K. Pritchard, J.L. Weber [et al.] // Science. – 2002. – Vol 298. – No. – P. 2381-2385.
    • Reich D. Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia / D. Reich, R.E. Green, M. Kircher [et al.] // Nature. – 2010. – Vol. 468. – No. 7327. – P. 1053-1060.
    • Smith F. H. Direct radiocarbon dates for Vindija G1 and Velika Pećina Late Pleistocene hominid remains / F. H. Smith, E. Trinkaus, P. B. Pettitt [et al.] // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. – 1999. – Vol. 96. – No. 22. – P. 12281-12286.
    • Schlötterer C. Evolutionary dynamics of microsatellite DNA / C. Schlötterer // Chromosoma. – 2000. – Vol. 109. – No. 6. – P. 365-371.
    • Scheffler I.E. Mitochondria. 2nd ed. / I.E. Scheffler // – N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., - 2008. – 490 p. – P. 417-436.
    • Sanchez-Mazas A. Genetic Diversity in Africa / A. Sanchez-Mazas, E.S. Poloni // eLS. – 2008. – URL: http://www.els.net.
    • Sun J. X. Microsatellites are molecular clocks that support accurate inferences about history / J.X. Sun, J.C. Mullikin, N. Patterson [et al.] // Mol. Biol. Evol. – 2009. – Vol. 26. – No. 5. – P. 1017-1027.
    • Sankararaman S. The genomic landscape of Neanderthal ancestry in present-day humans / S. Sankararaman, S. Mallick, M. Dannemann [et al.] // Nature. – 2014. – Vol. 507. – No. 7492. – P. 354-357.
    • Tishkoff S.A. Global pattern of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins / S.A. Tishkoff, E. Dietzsch, W. Speed [et al.] // Science. – 1996. – Vol. 271. – No. 5254. – P. 1380-1387.
    • Tishkoff S.A. Implication of biogeography of human populations for “race” and medicine / S.A. Tishkoff, K.K. Kidd // Nature Genetics Suppl. – 2004. – Vol. 36. – No. 11. – P. 521-527.
    • Tattersall I. Human origins: Out of Africa / I. Tattersall // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. – 2009. – Vol. 106. – No. 38. – P. 16018-16021.
    • Underhill P.A. Y-chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations / P.A. Underhill, P. Shen, A.A. Lin [et al.] // Nature Genetics. – 2000. – Vol. 26. – No. 3. – P. 358-361.
    • Underhill P.A. The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations / P.A. Underhill, G. Passarino, A.A. Lin [et al.] // Ann. Hum. Genet. – 2001. – Vol. 65. – No. 1. – P. 43-62.
    • Vigilant L. Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in Single Hairs from a Southern African Population / L. Vigilant, R. Pennington, H. Harpending [et al.] // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. – 1989. – Vol. 86. – No. 23. – P. 9350-9354.
    • Van Oven M. Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation / M. van Oven, M. Kayser // Hum. Mutat. – 2008. – Vol. 30. – No. 2. – P. E386-E394.
    • Vernot B. Resurrecting Surviving Neandertal Lineages from Modern Human Genomes / B. Vernot, J.M. Akey // Science. – 2014. – Vol. 343. – No. 6174. – P. 1017-1021.
    • Wainscoat J. S. Evolutionary relationships of human populations from an analysis of nuclear DNA polymorphisms / J. S. Wainscoat, A.V.S. Hill, A.L. Boyce [et al.] // Nature. – 1986. – Vol. 319. – No. 6053. – P. 491-493.
    • Weber J. L. Mutation of human short tandem repeats / J. L.Weber, C. Wong // Hum. Mol. Genet. – 1993. – Vol. 2. – No. 8. – P. 1123-1128.
    • Wildman D. E. A map of the common chimpanzee genome / D.E. Wildman // BioEssays. – 2002. – Vol. 24. – No. 6. – P. 490-493.
    • Witas H. W. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution: A review / H.W. Witas, P. Zawicki // Przegląd Antropologiczny – Anthropological Review. – 2004. – Vol. 67. – No. 1. – P. 97-110.
    Publication of the article «World of Medicine and Biology» №3(57), 2016 year, 180-185 pages, index UDK 577.213/215:17.021.4“712”